My philosophy is to grow what you (and your family) like. For example, I'm not a big fan of zucchini so I don't grow a lot of it...but love the yellow crook neck squash, so I grow a lot of that. So, first recommendation would be to decide what you like best and grow that....and don't waste time growing things you don't like to eat.
Corn is probably my (our) personal favorite. I stagger successive plantings from seed about three weeks apart through July and last year we had fresh corn all spring, summer and up until Sept. It was absolutely wonderful. Ask our neighbors and extended family, LOL.
Similarly, with Tomatoes, I like to plant one batch early (usually with the early girl and celebrity strain) and another a bit later with the larger beefstake type and roma types and a third later planting which I make in a location that gets late afternoon shade. We have fresh tomatoes all the way through to Sept. I use a combo of plants and seed as starters.
Peppers, yes, again planting what you like and will eat/use. I prefer to buy pepper plants as starters and usually set them out only after the ground warms. Often, they will make it through the entire year, but last year was an exception for us as we hit 19 deg. We grow lots of japs, bells, mild, hot all kinds.
Mellons...I don't grow them much except some cantaloupe. The ***** here will always get them before I do, always, and besides my neighbor gives us more than we can eat, LOL.
Beans are a staple for us. Green beans, both bush and pole from seed , although I'm leaning more to pole for ease of picking. Pintos are a great garden veggie. The taste of home grown pintos are absolutely to die for...if you like pintos and we love them. A nice benefit of beans is that they are a legume and soil builders. Limas are a bit too slow growing for me, but are rewarding in the taste category.
Another, even better soil, builder, are the cow peas...crowders, purple hulls, black eyes, etc, small peas, big peas, all kinds of peas...the more the merrier. I use them mostly in the hotter months both for eating and perhaps more importantly for soil building. They are an absolutely great summer cover crop that you can shred, re-grow, shred, re-grow, etc, all the way up until frost. I can almost guarantee that you will never have nematode problems or other soil borne diseases if you use this practice....and you can not beat them for rotation planting. I always, always bring them in behind my onion and potato rows to replenish the soil for the next year.
Speaking of cover crops, crimson clover, vetch and albon rye are almost always in my gardens during the cool months. The albon rye is great as a nematode deterrent and soil builder.
Note: A barren garden soil is not a good soil, IMO. Mine never, ever rests. It always has either a producing crop or cover crop growing or both 12 months out of the year. I never, ever let the weeds grow there and go to seed.
Last of the summer crops would be okra...a big favorite of our family. We save seed every year and grow tons of okra...much more than we can use or even give away. It is so easy to grow.
Have tried other such as peanuts but not worth the trouble.
Sorry to ramble on, but once I get started its hard to stop LOL. One last thought, its getting late for bringing in manure unless it is already composted. I'd go slow there for now.
We can talk about fall gardens and potatoes and onions and cabbage and kale and ....well you get the picture...when the time comes.
Good luck.